Hypertension or HBP is a condition in which the force of blood against the arteries walls is too high.
Range - Optimal blood pressure level is 120/80mmHg. In hypertension blood pressure is above 140/90mmHg.
Stages of hypertension in adults are as per chart below:
Classification - Usually hypertension develops individually without any symptoms and in majority of hypertension cases, the cause is unknown. This condition is called Primary Hypertension or Essential Hypertension
In few cases cause of hypertension are identifiable and it is caused by some other problems like thyroid and adrenal gland problem, diabetes, kidney problems and it is said to be Secondary Hypertension
Classification based on health conditions are as follows:
Primary Hypertension-
Benign Hypertension
Malignant Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension -
Endocrine Hypertension
Renal Hypertension
Neurogenic Hypertension
Cardiovascular Hypertension
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Signs and Symptoms - General Symptoms are:
Sweating
Dizziness
Nervousness
Shakiness
Irritability
Hunger
Symptoms which develop slowly as time progresses:
Anger
Drowsiness
Confusion
Inability to complete work
Blurred vision
Headache
Staggered gait
The signs and symptoms of both Low BP and High BP are same and can be very confusing sometimes.
Management and Treatment
Dietary Management - The first way of treating hypertension is through food and lifestyle changes. This helps to avoid drug dependency and its side effects. Patients who cannot maintain normal range dietary changes are prescribed medications
Lifestyle Changes - Avoid smoking, limit alcohol and include physical activity like walking for 40 minutes at least four times a week.
Nutritious Balance Diet - People with hypertensive should take a nutritious diet which is low in calories. It should have normal protein and low fat intake. Also it should be low in sodium but high in magnesium, potassium, calcium and fibre.
Please check below chart with a summary of key points to help you manage hypertension:
Please consult your dietician who should be able to give you diet and exercise plans for managing hypertension
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